ACHIEVEMENT IN A YEAR

Muadzam Shah Polytechnic Wins PIPPo 2015

PUTRAJAYA, Aug 16 (Bernama) -- The Muadzam Shah Polytechnic in Pahang today won the Polytechnic Proton Innovation Competition (PIPPo) 2015, which was held in conjunction with the Higher Education Week (HEWM) here.

A group of students received RM19,000 prize money and a trophy for redesigning a Proton car called Proton Telson.

The Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah Polytechnic, Kedah and Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Polytechnic, Shah Alam won second and third prize respectively for designing Saga Dyna and Proton Taring.

The prizes were presented by Deputy Higher Education Minister Datuk Mary Yap Kain Ching.

Earlier, in her closing remarks, Mary said the competition was aimed at highlighting the creativity, innovation and technical skill of the students and lecturers in automotive engineering design.

-- BERNAMA

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WHAT IS INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION?

Industrial automation is the use of control systems, such as computers or robots, and information technologies for handling different processes and machineries in an industry to replace a human being. It is the second step beyond mechanization in the scope of industrialization.

Increase Quality and Flexibility in Your Manufacturing Process

Earlier the purpose of automation was to increase productivity (since automated systems can work 24 hours a day), and to reduce the cost associated with human operators (i.e. wages & benefits). However, today, the focus of automation has shifted to increasing quality and flexibility in a manufacturing process. In the automobile industry, the installation of pistons into the engine used to be performed manually with an error rate of 1-1.5%. Presently, this task is performed using automated machinery with an error rate of 0.00001%.

Advantages of Industrial Automation

Lower operating cost: Industrial automation eliminates healthcare costs and paid leave and holidays associated with a human operator. Further, industrial automation does not require other employee benefits such as bonuses, pension coverage etc. Above all, although it is associated with a high initial cost it saves the monthly wages of the workers which leads to substantial cost savings for the company. The maintenance cost associated with machinery used for industrial automation is less because it does not often fail. If it fails, only computer and maintenance engineers are required to repair it.

• High productivity

  Although many companies hire hundreds of production workers for a up to three shifts to run the plant for the maximum number of hours, the plant still needs to be closed for maintenance and holidays. Industrial automation fulfills the aim of the company by allowing the company to run a manufacturing plant for 24 hours in a day 7 days in a week and 365 days a year. This leads to a significant improvement in the productivity of the company.

• High Quality

  Automation alleviates the error associated with a human being. Further, unlike human beings, robots do not involve any fatigue, which results in products with uniform quality manufactured at different times.

• High flexibility

  Adding a new task in the assembly line requires training with a human operator, however, robots can be programmed to do any task. This makes the manufacturing process more flexible.

• High Information Accuracy

  Adding automated data collection, can allow you to collect key production information, improve data accuracy, and reduce your data collection costs.  This provides you with the facts to make the right decisions when it comes to reducing waste and improving your processes.

• High safety

  Industrial automation can make the production line safe for the employees by deploying robots to handle hazardous conditions.

Disadvantages of Industrial Automation

• High Initial cost

  The initial investment associated with the making the switch from a human production line to an automatic production line is very high. Also, substantial costs are involved in training employees to handle this new sophisticated equipment.

Conclusion

Industrial automation has recently found more and more acceptance from various industries because of its huge benefits, such as, increased productivity, quality and safety at low costs.


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credit for http://www.surecontrols.com/what-is-industrial-automation/

STRUKTUR ROBOT

A. Robot industri pada umumnya terdiri dari :

1. Sebuah bangunan besar dan kukuh dengan beberapa lengan yang  terkeluar 

2. Lengannya terdiri dari : penyepit, sensor, peralatan pada hujung lengan dan dapat digerakkan dengan bebas. Sistem robot memiliki  tiga komponen dasar, iaitu : Manipulate, Controller, dan Force

 

1.    Manipulate

                        Lengan yang memberikan gerakan robot untuk memutar, melipat, menjangkau objek. Gerakan ini di sebut dengan darjah kebebasan robot atau jumlah sumbu yang ada pada robot. manipulator terdiri dari beberapa segmen dan sambungan (joint).

 

2.Controller

Suatu peralatan yang bertugas sebagai pengendali dari gerakan robot. Controller ini membentuk sistem kawalan yang akan menentukan input dan output suatu robot. 

3. Force

Power supply adalah sebuah unit yang menyediakan tenaga pada controller dan manipulator sehingga dapat bekerja. Power supply dalam suatu sistem robot dibagi menjadi dua bahagian, iaitu bahagian untuk controller dan bahagian untuk manipulator. Bahagian controller  menggunakan elektrik sedangkan bahagian manipulator menggunakan elektrik, pneumatik, hidraulik ataupun ketiga tiganya. Gambar 5a, 5b dan 5c memberikan keterangan tentang power supply.

4. End Effector

Untuk memenuhi keperluan dari tugas robot atau si pemakai.

B. Geometri Robot dan Istilah – istilahnya

Degrees Of Freedom (DOF) adalah setiap titik sumbu gerakan mekanik pada robot, tidak terkira untuk End Effector.

Degrees Of Movement (DOM) adalah kebebasan / kemampuan untuk melakukan sebauh gerakan.

Sebagai contoh, robot dengan 6 pergerakan bebas :

1. Base Rotation (dudukan untuk berputar)

2. Shoulder Flex (lengan atas )

3. Elbow Flex (lengan bawah)

4. Wrist Pitch (pergelangan angguk)

5. Wrist Yaw (pergelangan sisi)

6. Wrist Roll (pergelangan putar) 

C. Control system

Ø  Jenis Robot Control

Ada beberapa jenis pengatur gerakan pada robot, diantaranya :

1. Limite Sequence Robot

Ciri – ciri : - Paling sederhana

- Paling murah

- umumnya menggunakan driver pneumatic

- Operasinya Pick & Place

2. Point to Point

Ciri - ciri : - Lebih canggih dari Limite Sequence Robot

- Menyimpan titik-titik dari langkah robot

- Menggunakan driver hydraulic

- Motor elektronik

3. Countouring

Ciri – ciri : - Peningkatan Point to Point

- Speed & Countour

- Menggunakan driver hydraulic

4. Line Tracker

Ciri – ciri : - Untuk benda bergerak

- Senior dan program

- Menggunakan driver hydraulic

5. Intelligent Robot

Ciri – ciri : - Dapat bereaksi dengan lingkungan

- Dapat mengambil keputusan

- Advance I/O

- Advance sensor

Ø  Bahagian – Bahagian pada control robot

control pada robot dapat dikelompokan dari level rendah, menengah dan tinggi. Secara detail adalah sebagai berikut :

• Low Technology Controllers

Mungkin dapat diprogram untuk praktis atau tidak praktis. Tidak ada internal memory amp.

• Medium Technology Controllers

Mempunyai 2 sampai 4 sumbu bergerak dan memiliki mikroprosesor serta memori (terbatas). Tetapi I/O-nya terbatas, delay setiap gerakan serta dapat diprogram jika kerja telah lengkap.

• High Technology Controllers

Memiliki memori yang besar serta punya mikroprosesor dan co-mikroprosesor. Bermacam-macam I/O, re-program dalam waktu singkat. Mempunyai sampai dengan 9 axis. Dalam kontrolernya ada 5 bagian penting, yaitu Power Supply, Interface, Axis Drive Board, Option Boards dan Mikroprosesor.

Ø  Sensor

Sensor pada robot industri ada dua kategori, yaitu :

• Internal Sensor

Digunakan untuk mengawall posisi, kecermatan dan lain-lain. Contohnya adalah potensiometer, optical encoder.

• External Sensor

Digunakan untuk mengontrol dan mengkoordinasi robot dengan environment. Contohnya adalah switch sentuh, infra merah.

Menurut jenis dan fungsinya dapat dilihat beberapa tipe sensor di bawah ini :

• sensor

Dapat digunakan untuk mengesan.. Ada dua jenis iaitu Touch Sensor dan Stress / Force Sensor.

• Proximity Sensor

Jika jarak antara objek dan sensor dekat. Misalnya untk mengetahui jarak dari objek.

• Optical Sensor

Untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya suatu barang.

• Vision Sensor

Untuk mendefinisikan benda, alignment dan inspection.

• Voice Sensor

Untuk mengenali jenis benda dan melakukan arahan yang diberi.

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